Operando X-Ray Diffraction and Total Scattering Characterization of Battery Materials

University of Oslo develops methodologies for applying operando characterization of battery materials to gain an understanding on how they work. This understanding is essential for almost any project concerning battery materials including FUNCY-SSB. The review article covers multiple aspects of operando characterization of battery materials.

With a growing interest in this powerful methodology, it is important to review the general principles of operando XRD/TXS characterization and develop a set of guidelines for the collection, analysis, and presentation of data that are acceptable to the community and can lead to reliable, representative, and reproducible results that are easy to judge and compare. From cell and electrode design to data treatment, the authors survey the major experimental aspects of operando studies, pointing out potential pitfalls and identifying best-practice. In addition, they review some unconventional experiments conducted in operando mode to illustrate how such methods can be used beyond studies of the early-stage cycling mechanisms of battery active materials.